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Brain Injury News
Even a Little Cooling Helps After Cardiac Arrest
As many as 400,000 people in North America suffer sudden cardiac arrest. Only 30% have their hearts restarted, and only about 6% survive to hospital discharge. Once the heart is restarted, a significant factor for subsequent death is brain injury. In a paper presented at the 2006 Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Annual Meeting,
May 18-21, in San Francisco, investigators from the University of Pittsburgh discussed the results of an animal model study to evaluate whether the simpler procedure might provide equivalent benefit. Cooling a person by 3-4 ºC during the first day after resuscitation has been demonstrated to improve the odds of a good recovery, but few patients receive this therapy. There may be fear of complications or logistical difficulties in carrying out the therapy in most hospitals. Practically speaking, cooling a person by 2 ºC is more manageable than cooling by 4 ºC. By using rats that had been anesthetized and subjected to cardiac arrest, the severity and duration of brain injury observed in humans was replicated.
The rats were resuscitated with chest compression and epinephrine, and cranial temperatures were monitored and controlled at 37 ºC (normal), 35 ºC (2 ºC cooling) and 33 ºC (4 ºC cooling). Neurological scores were measured daily, and at the end of 14 days, their brains were examined for damage. Rats cooled to 33 ºC did best, as measured by neurological scores, median days to return to normal, and neuron density in the hippocampus. The 35ºC group had somewhat lower results while the normal group had the worst outcomes. Overall, the benefit of cooling only 2 ºC was similar to 4 ºC cooling. These results suggest that even modest cooling of the brain might have significant benefit to humans who have been resuscitated after cardiac arrest.
Definition:
A condition produced by a blood clot that lodges in an artery and blocks the flow of blood to a portion of the brain, producing symptoms ranging from paralysis of limbs and loss of speech to unconsciousness and death. Less commonly, a stroke may be the result of bleeding into the substance of the brain.
Apert syndrome
Definition:
Apert Syndrome is a genetic defect and falls under the broad classification of craniofacial/limb anomalies. It can be inherited from a parent who has Apert, or may be a fresh mutation. It occurs in approximately 1 per 160,000 to 200,000 live births. Apert syndrome is primarily characterized by specific malformations of the skull, midface, hands, and feet.
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